Videos of Chapter 1

Pages: 41 to 45

Last Accessed: July 19th, 2018.

Summary:

This video explains the process that involves melting, spinning, and heat treating the powder that creates a low-density, high-strength, corrosion-resistant silicon carbide fiber that is used in the fabrication of products. To improve the fiber system, the fibers are subsequently coated with four exclusive coatings. The completed strands are fed into a computerized device that precisely forms and sizes the fiber according to specifications. Then, using the high fiber strength qualities across the part’s thickness, the stacked flies are arranged, frequently alternating in fiber direction. After that, the tool is put in an autoclave, which uses high pressure and low heat to shape the stacked plies into a part. Following a burnout process that turns all organic material left in the part into carbon, silicon is melted into the open pores to give density. Next, environmental and thermal protection codes are applied to the part. The CMC part is prepared for service after completing more than 50 steps. Being one of the hardest materials on Earth, silicon carbide CMC, this method guarantees the components’ fit and quality.

Author: GE Aerospace

Pages: 41 to 45

Last Accessed: August 31st, 2016.

Summary:

This video expresses the potential advantages of Ceramic Matrix Composite over existing materials in airplane engines that are the driving investment in the Aerospace Industry. Metal-based components can be replaced by ceramics since they are lighter and can withstand higher operating temperatures. In order to assure the safety of Ceramic Matrix Composites and to distinguish them from existing metal-based parts, NASA is pushing the boundaries of these materials’ mechanical, thermal, and temperature capabilities. Compared to traditional methods, 3D printing is being used to create a variety of geometries more quickly and affordably. A more realistic environment is made possible by 3D printing and a burn array, which enables the assessment of thermal capacities. For instance, in a burner rig engine used in an airplane, jet fuel can be fired and temperatures as high as 2,700°F can be reached to assess various components, including ceramics.

Author: NASA Glenn Research Center

Page Numbers of Book: 33-34

Last Accessed: 16 January 2024

Summary: In this video, the process of Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is explained and shown step-by-step. Some of the advantages of RTM are first explained such as productivity and quality. A surfacing veil is placed on the mold before injection and the mold is then closed using clamps or a press. The resin is then injected, while using liquid heating, until a small amount of resin comes out of the vents. The resin is left to cure before the molding is opened.

Author: EastCoastFibreGlass

Page Numbers of Book: 32-33

Last Accessed: 16 January 2024

Summary: In this video, an engineer demonstrates how to prepare a carbon fiber prepreg to be placed into an autoclave for autoclave forming. First, a prepreg is laid flat against clean metal. The engineer flattens out the prepreg to remove wrinkles or bubbles before another layer is added. In this video, only two prepregs are used, but more than two can be layered on top of another. The carbon fiber prepregs are then wrapped in what is assumed to be Teflon sheets, bagged, and then placed into the autoclave.

Author: Materials Science & Engineering at The University of Sheffield

Page Number of Book: 29-30

Last Accessed: 16 January 2024

Summary: This video discusses Prepreg materials and the process of prepreg layup and vacuum bagging. Prepreg is a dry fabric that has a resin impregnated into it which is semi-cured. Wearing gloves is important when handling prepreg to protect the material and your skin. The video shows both carbon fibers and fiberglass.

Author: Rock West Composites

Page Numbers of Book: Page 26-30

Last Accessed: 16 January 2024

Summary: This video discusses polymer composites and their role in manufacturing metal matrix composites.  It covers the three main categories of MMC: Solid State Processing, Liquid State Processing, and In-Situ Processing. The author then goes further in-depth on the Spray Deposition Process where particle /whisker/short fiber reinforcements are injected into the spray and later cured to form the plastic composite. The video also discusses MMC’s applications in the automobile and Aerospace industries.

Author: Remana Jirra

Page Numbers of Book: 46 to 50

Last Accessed: 23 May 2021

Summary: This describes the step-by-step production process of space shuttle heat protection tiles and explains how they work. These tiles are essentially ceramic matrix composites with high thermal resistance, extremely low density, and reusability—crucial characteristics for space shuttles. The production begins by blending various types of ceramic fibers with water and adding chemical additives like ammonium hydroxide and silicon carbide. The mixture is then cast into a mold through a de-watering process achieved by applying pressure. After curing and drying, the tiles undergo cutting and shaping processes to prepare them for a series of ceramic coatings. In the final stages, these coatings consolidate in a high-temperature oven.

Author: Kevin W. Ray

Page Numbers of Book: 46 to 50

Last Accessed: 11 March 2017

Summary: This video shows the manufacturing process of ceramic composite brakes for high performance cars. Being heat resistance up to 1000 °c, composite brakes last about 60 times longer than their traditional counterparts, standard cast iron brake. They also offer significant weight reduction compared to heavy cast iron brakes.

The process starts with mixing a heat moldable resin and raw carbon fibers and continues with filling a disc shaped mold by the mixture. Then, a series of heating and pressurizing processes transforms the resin into carbon through chemical reactions. Finally, adding a protective paint layer shields the carbon from oxidation at high temperatures.

Author: How It’s Made

Page Numbers of Book:

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: This video discusses the differences between aluminum and composite bats. Aluminum bats tend to be more durable and lighter while composite bats have a larger sweet spot and are able to be tuned to provide a better swing feel. Because of the nature of composites parts of the bat can be made harder and softer. This ability allows the bat to be tuned by moving weight around the bat to provide more power and better swing feel. Lastly by changing the bending stiffness of the bat manufactures are able to reduce the amount of vibration felt by the player when hitting a ball.

Page Numbers of Book: 6-10

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: This video provides an example of selecting a composite material, namely, concrete reinforced with rebar, for the purpose of making concrete for structural applications more useful and safer. It is known that concrete by itself is strong in compression but weak in tension; reinforcing the concrete with rebar, which is made of steel, creates an overall material that has both sufficient compressive and tensile strength.

Author: Practical Engineering

Page Numbers of Book: Page 15

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: In this video several different fibers are tested to be used as a sled for artic conditions. The testing includes the use of a bending test under room temperature and freezing temperatures, and it includes an impact test. The fibers tested were carbon, Diolen, Innegra, and Kevlar. After testing was completed it was found that for this application the Kevlar fibers would be the best even at their elevated cost.

Page Numbers of Book: Page 6-10

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: The selection of any material for use in a part or machine depends on the application. A project may require that a material property (e.g., specific weight, elastic modulus, etc.) of one of the materials used be a certain value or range of values. The cost of the material is also a significant factor in selection. A material may be appropriately selected if the properties of a wide variety of materials are known (through experimental testing) and compared to each other. A composite material (the video gives an example of rubber with an underlayer of steel) may be most appropriate for the application if the material properties for which the engineer seeks are not all present in a singular material. This video focuses on the practice of material selection for the improvement of cars.

Author: Advanced Metallic System CDT

Page Number of Book: 23

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: This video explains the differences between graphite and fiberglass fishing rods, highlighting the unique characteristics of each. Graphite rods exhibit incredible power and pulling strength, allowing for superior casting performance with various weights such as lures or baits. However, graphite is not as adept at executing tight turns in confined spaces compared to fiberglass. The presenter demonstrates how attempting a tight turn with a graphite rod can result in snapping. Despite this limitation, the benefits of graphite, including casting responsiveness, sensitivity, and lightweight construction, outweigh its drawback in tight turns. Graphite rods are praised for their enormous pulling power when loaded correctly, making them a preferred choice for various fishing scenarios.

Author: DaiwaAustralia

Page Number of Book: 21

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: This video clip highlights S glass fabric material, emphasizing its chemical modification for increased strength compared to regular glass. This modification allows for using less S glass ounce per ounce, resulting in lighter weight without sacrificing strength. The material, with its 30-inch width, is particularly advantageous for high-performance surfboards where both lightweight construction and high strength are essential.

Author: TAP Plastics

Page Number(s) of Book: 54

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: The video demonstrates creation of a hybrid laminate with hemp fiber, glass fiber, and epoxy. It is a tutorial for the whole fabrication of the hybrid laminate structure. The creation is an interply hybrid laminate. There is no stated purpose to the end-state inclusion of the hemp within the fiber matrix, but the demonstration endures as a useful example of what constitutes a hybrid matrix.

Author: 614STORY

Page Number(s) of Book: 51

Last Accessed: 15 January 2024

Summary: In this video, several industries, their composite type use, and methodology for recycling said composites are covered. It outlines both methodology of recycling and drawbacks to each recycling type, such as incineration possibly rendering fibers unusable in their original form. It goes on to theorize about the rise of biopolymers that may be more easily recycled through simpler and/or more effective processes.

Author: CPI

Page Numbers of Book: Page 18-19

Date Posted: 1 November 2018

Summary: This video explains Nanomaterials and their main uses in engineering, electronics, and other things. Nanomaterials, or similarly Nanocomposites must be smaller than 100nm. Natural nanomaterials include volcanic ash or soot from a fire. We need to use a special microscope called a scanning tunneling microscope to see and work on the size of a nanomaterial. Nanomaterials can have increased strength, chemical reactivity, and conductivity. Nano Materials are used to make a wide variety of things including but not limited to sunscreen, cosmetics, tires, tennis equipment, and carbon nanotubes that can be used to make artificial muscles.

Posted By: CrashCourse

Page Numbers of Book: Page 16-18

Date Posted: 11 December 2020

Summary: This video explains what Composite Materials are as well as their classification. Explaining that concrete is a perfect example of a large Particle Composite where filler material replaces some of the material of the main material. where cement is the matrix and sand/gravel make up the particles. Fiber Reinforced Composites and its main strength is its high stiffness and greater elastic modulus. Where the Fibers can be continuously or discontinuously arranged.

Posted By: Skill Lync

Page Number of Book: 39

Last Accessed: 14 January 2024

Summary: In this shorter length video, the manufacturing process for a composite leaf spring is demonstrated as well as some composite benefits listed. The process includes insertion of glass fibers followed by injection of resin into a mold under high pressure. The video ends with a list of benefits of composite leaf springs over that of metal ones. This relates to the benefits listed in the book for a Corvette’s composite leaf spring.

Author: KraussMaffei

Page Number of Book: 36

Last Accessed: 14 January 2024

Summary: In this video several different material types for common main rotor blades are detailed, with the nature of their design based upon material being explained. While only one of the three is of a purely composite nature, the wood blade features both a fiberglass outer layer and variously oriented wood grains. The metal blade features concepts of composite materials in honeycombing and metals of various characteristics for design considerations. Lastly, the composite blade is of mainly carbon fiber, possibly fiberglass, and foam filling construction. The video ends with further explanations for design considerations of rotor blades found in helicopters and tiltrotors.

Author: MrSkidkicker